1. ^ a b c Higaonna, Morio (1985). Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques. pp. 17. ISBN 0-87040-595-0.
  2. ^ a b c d http://www.wonder-okinawa.jp/023/eng/001/001/index.html history of Okinawan Karate
  3. ^ Bishop, Mark (1989). Okinawan Karate. pp. 153–166. ISBN 0-7136-5666-2. Chapter 9 covers Motobu-ryu and Bugeikan, two 'ti' styles with grappling and vital point striking techniques. Page 165, Seitoku Higa: "Use pressure on vital points, wrist locks, grappling, strikes and kicks in a gentle manner to neutralize an attack."
  4. ^ "唐手研究会、次いで空手部の創立". Keio Univ. Karate Team. http://www.keiokarate.net/column/page01.html. Retrieved 2010-03-14. (Japanese)
  5. ^ Miyagi, Chojun (1993) [1934]. McCarthy, Patrick. ed. Karate-doh Gaisetsu [An Outline of Karate-Do]. pp. 9. ISBN 4-900613-05-3.
  6. ^ Draeger & Smith (1969). Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts. pp. 60. ISBN 978-0-87011-436-6.
  7. ^ Bishop, Mark (1999). Okinawan Karate Second Edition. pp. 11. ISBN 978-0-8048-3205-2.
  8. ^ Dr. Gary J. Krug: the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture
  9. ^ Shigeru, Egami (1976). The Heart of Karate-Do. pp. 13. ISBN 0-87011-816-1.
  10. ^ Nagamine, Shoshin (1976). Okinawan Karate-do. pp. 47. ISBN 978-0-8048-2110-0.
  11. ^ News from the 117th IOC
  12. ^ Web Japan
  13. ^ Bishop, Mark (1989). Okinawan Karate. pp. 154. ISBN 0-7136-5666-2. Motobu-ryū & Seikichi Uehara
  14. ^ a b Higaonna, Morio (1985). Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques. pp. 19. ISBN 0-87040-595-0.
  15. ^ Bishop, Mark (1989). Okinawan Karate. pp. 28. ISBN 0-7136-5666-2. For example Chōjun Miyagi adapted Rokkushu of White Crane into Tenshō
  16. ^ Patrick McCarthy, footnote #4
  17. ^ Kanbun Uechi history
  18. ^ Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 100 Masters of Okinawan Karate. Okinawa: Ozata Print. pp. 28.
  19. ^ WUKO World Union of Karate-do Organizations
  20. ^ International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF)
  21. ^ World Karate Federation Competition Rules
  22. ^ Higaonna, Morio (1985). Traditional Karatedo Vol. 1 Fundamental Techniques. pp. 67. ISBN 0-87040-595-0.
  23. ^ Mitchell, David (1991). Winning Karate Competition. ISBN 0-7136-3402-2 pages = 25.
  24. ^ Shigeru, Egami (1976). The Heart of Karatedo. pp. 111. ISBN 0-87011-816-1.
  25. ^ Higaonna, Morio (1990). Traditional Karatedo Vol. 4 Applications of the Kata. pp. 136. ISBN 0-87040-848-9.
  26. ^ Shigeru, Egami (1976). The Heart of Karatedo. pp. 113. ISBN 0-87011-816-1.
  27. ^ World Karate Confederation
  28. ^ WUKO - World Union of Karate-Do Organizations
  29. ^ http://www.koshiki.org/ World Koshiki Karatedo Federation
  30. ^ Shinkaratedo Renmei
  31. ^ Hokama, Tetsuhiro (2005). 100 Masters of Okinawan Karate. Okinawa: Ozata Print. pp. 20.
  32. ^ [1] A Chronological History of the Martial Arts: Douglas Coupland's novel Generation X, which defined McJob as "a low-pay, low prestige, low-dignity, low benefit, no-future job in the service sector," appears in paperback, and within weeks, the term "McDojo" appeared at rec.martial-arts as a description of franchise martial art schools run by people with more ego than talent.
  33. ^ Funakoshi, Gichin. "Karate-dō Kyohan - The Master Text" Tokyo. Kodansha International; 1973.
  34. ^ http://www.newpaltzkarate.com/article/Article1SA.html, Levitz, Maurey (1998) What's In A Name? How the meaning of the term karate has changed, New Paltz Karate Academy, Inc.
  35. ^ a b Robert, T. (2006). "no title given". Journal of Asian Martial Arts (this issue is not available as a back issue) 15 (4). http://journalofasianmartialarts.com/cms2/journal-issues/15.html.
  36. ^ Nozaki, Yoshiko; Hiromitsu Inokuchi, Tae-young Kim. "Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan’s Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century". http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
  37. ^ "A History Of Taekwon Do". http://utf.whsites.net/history.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  38. ^ a b karate-shotokan.net
  39. ^ "History of Shotokan (Russian)". http://karate-shotokan.net/php/his.php. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
  40. ^ International Association of Shotokan Karate (IASK)
  41. ^ The Original Martial Arts Encyclopedia, John Corcoran and Emil Farkas, pgs. 170-197
  42. ^ For example, Ian Fleming's book Goldfinger (1959, p.91-95) describes the protagonist James Bond, an expert in unarmed combat, as utterly ignorant of Karate and its demonstrations, and describes the Korean 'Oddjob' in these terms: Goldfinger said, "Have you ever heard of Karate? No? Well that man is one of the three in the world who have achieved the Black Belt in Karate. Karate is a branch of judo, but it is to judo what a spandau is to a catapult...". Such a description in a popular novel assumed and relied upon Karate being almost unknown in the West.
  43. ^ a b Schneiderman, R. M. (2009-05-23). "Contender Shores Up Karate’s Reputation Among U.F.C. Fans". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/23/sports/23karate.html. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
  44. ^ "The Karate Generation". Newsweek. 2010-02-18. http://www.newsweek.com/id/85866.
  45. ^ "Lyoto Machida and the Revenge of Karate". Sherdog. http://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Lyoto-Machida-and-the-Revenge-of-Karate-17521. Retrieved 2010-02-13.